/LMAR=0/XLINE=3/FONT#0=BASL30/FONT#1=BASI30/FONT#2=BASB30/FONT#10=BAXM30/FONT#11=ZERO30/FONT#3=STA200/FONT#4=NGB25
␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓βS␈↓∧ Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Stanford, California 94305

␈↓ ↓H␈↓∧Telephone 415 497-4430␈↓ 
-July 7, 1979 




␈↓ ↓H␈↓Mr. Phil Hilts
␈↓ ↓H␈↓5761 Harwich Ct.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Alexandria, Virginia 22311

␈↓ ↓H␈↓Dear Phil:

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        Sorry␈αabout␈αnot␈αgetting␈αaround␈αsooner␈αto␈αyour␈αmanuscript,␈αbut␈αI␈αwouldn't␈αotherwise␈αlive␈αup
␈↓ ↓H␈↓to your image of my eccentricity.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        I␈α∂don't␈α∂see␈α∂myself␈α∂as␈α∞eccentric␈α∂as␈α∂you␈α∂make␈α∂me,␈α∞but␈α∂perhaps␈α∂others␈α∂do.␈α∂ Anyway␈α∂I␈α∞don't
␈↓ ↓H␈↓really␈α
object,␈α
but␈α
it␈α
has␈α
the␈α
disadvantage␈α
that␈α
it␈α
may␈α
make␈α
others␈α
accept␈α
more␈αinattentiveness␈α
from
␈↓ ↓H␈↓me than they need do.  Oh, well.  Here are some comments.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓1.␈αWhen␈αyou␈αcite␈αmy␈αopinion␈α
on␈αpage␈α4␈αthat␈αrobots␈αwon't␈α
be␈αjust␈αas␈αsmart␈αas␈αpeople,␈αyou␈α
combine
␈↓ ↓H␈↓one␈α∞opinion␈α∞that␈α∂even␈α∞a␈α∞skeptic␈α∞about␈α∂AI␈α∞should␈α∞accept␈α∞(that␈α∂precise␈α∞equality␈α∞is␈α∂unlikely)␈α∞with
␈↓ ↓H␈↓another␈α(that␈αat␈αleast␈αequality␈αwill␈αsomeday␈αbe␈αachieved).␈α If␈αyou␈αstarted␈αit,␈α␈↓↓"When␈αand␈αif␈αequality
␈↓ ↓H␈↓↓is achieved, they will soon be smarter ..."␈↓, that would be avoided.  A picky point.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓2. Marvin Minsky was a cofounder of the M.I.T. AI Lab.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓3.␈αYou␈αseem␈αto␈αaccept␈αArchytas's␈αand␈αAlbertus's␈αalleged␈αaccomplishments.␈α It␈αseems␈αto␈αme␈αthat␈αthe
␈↓ ↓H␈↓law␈α
of␈αconservation␈α
of␈αenergy␈α
would␈αbe␈α
violated␈αif␈α
something␈αpowered␈α
by␈αweights␈α
could␈α
∨y,␈αand
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Albertus's␈α⊂android␈α∂is␈α⊂not␈α∂quite␈α⊂feasible␈α⊂even␈α∂today.␈α⊂ In␈α∂fact,␈α⊂Albertus's␈α∂android␈α⊂is␈α⊂what␈α∂Tony
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Reichelt␈α∞seems␈α∞to␈α
be␈α∞falsely␈α∞claiming.␈α
 Someone,␈α∞I␈α∞forget␈α
who,␈α∞has␈α∞taken␈α
the␈α∞trouble␈α∞to␈α
separate
␈↓ ↓H␈↓fact␈α
from␈αfancy␈α
in␈α
the␈αstories␈α
of␈α
pre-modern␈αautomata,␈α
but␈α
if␈αyou␈α
haven't␈α
time␈αto␈α
≡nd␈α
the␈αbook,
␈↓ ↓H␈↓you␈αshould␈α
indicate␈αsome␈α
skepticism.␈α I␈αthink␈α
maybe␈αthat␈α
Heinz␈αZemanek␈αof␈α
Vienna␈α(he␈α
used␈αto
␈↓ ↓H␈↓be␈α⊃at␈α⊃the␈α⊃IBM␈α⊃Research␈α∩Center␈α⊃there)␈α⊃wrote␈α⊃a␈α⊃book␈α⊃about␈α∩it.␈α⊃ Anyway␈α⊃he␈α⊃is␈α⊃an␈α∩expert␈α⊃on
␈↓ ↓H␈↓renaissance and 18th century automata.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓4.␈αIn␈αmy␈α
opinion,␈αLeonardo␈αunderstood␈αkinematics␈α
very␈αwell,␈αbut␈αhe␈α
didn't␈αeven␈αhave␈αan␈α
intuitive
␈↓ ↓H␈↓feeling␈α⊃for␈α∩the␈α⊃dynamics␈α⊃later␈α∩discovered␈α⊃by␈α⊃Galileo,␈α∩Newton,␈α⊃etc.␈α⊃ For␈α∩this␈α⊃reason,␈α∩many␈α⊃of
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Leonardo's␈α
proposed␈αmachines␈α
were␈αwrongly␈α
proportioned␈αand␈α
couldn't␈αwork.␈α
 This␈αis␈α
particularly
␈↓ ↓H␈↓true␈αof␈α
his␈α∨ying␈α
machines.␈α Compare␈α
the␈αGossamer␈α
Condor's␈α70␈α
foot␈αwingspan␈α
with␈αLeonardo's
␈↓ ↓H␈↓drawings showing comparatively tiny wings.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓We␈α
might␈α
be␈α
in␈αthe␈α
same␈α
position␈α
with␈αrespect␈α
to␈α
some␈α
of␈αthe␈α
components␈α
of␈α
intelligence,␈α
but␈αit
␈↓ ↓H␈↓would be too neat if our errors turned out to be precisely analogous to his.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓5. Turing is not the ≡rst person to get caught in a semi-in≡nite cycle of tool making.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓αMr. Phil Hilts␈↓ ¬|July 7, 1979␈↓ 
nPage 2␈↓ 


␈↓ ↓H␈↓6.␈αTuring's␈α1936␈αpaper␈α
de≡ned␈αTuring␈αmachines␈α(the␈αname␈α
came␈αlater)␈αin␈αgeneral.␈α He␈α
de≡ned␈αa
␈↓ ↓H␈↓universal␈α
machine␈α∞that␈α
could␈α
simulate␈α∞any␈α
other␈α
Turing␈α∞machine␈α
in␈α
order␈α∞to␈α
solve␈α∞problems␈α
in
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the␈α∂mathematical␈α∂theory␈α∂of␈α∂computability.␈α∂ His␈α∂1936␈α∂paper␈α∂didn't␈α∂suggest␈α∂actually␈α∂building␈α∞the
␈↓ ↓H␈↓machine.␈α
 During␈α
the␈α
war,␈α
he␈α
took␈α
some␈α
of␈α
the␈α
initiatives␈α
in␈α
developing␈α
the␈α
electronic␈αmachines
␈↓ ↓H␈↓that␈α⊃were␈α∩used␈α⊃in␈α∩breaking␈α⊃the␈α⊃German␈α∩Enigma␈α⊃ciphers,␈α∩and␈α⊃he␈α⊃did␈α∩initiate␈α⊃the␈α∩ACE␈α⊃and
␈↓ ↓H␈↓DEUCE computers right after the war.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓7.␈α∪Instead␈α∩of␈α∪␈↓↓"McCarthy␈α∪thought␈α∩the␈α∪idea␈α∩was␈α∪premature"␈↓,␈α∪it␈α∩would␈α∪be␈α∩more␈α∪correct␈α∪to␈α∩say,
␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓↓"McCarthy␈α⊂couldn't␈α⊂bring␈α⊂the␈α⊂idea␈α⊂into␈α⊃a␈α⊂form␈α⊂which␈α⊂he␈α⊂thought␈α⊂would␈α⊂actually␈α⊃learn␈α⊂anything
␈↓ ↓H␈↓↓signi≡cant,␈αand␈αhe␈αstill␈αhasn't␈↓.␈α You␈αshould␈αalso␈αsay␈α"mental␈αexperiments",␈αsince␈αI␈αdidn't␈α
physically
␈↓ ↓H␈↓build␈α
anything␈α
-␈αin␈α
contrast␈α
to␈αMarvin␈α
Minsky␈α
who␈α
built␈αan␈α
experimental␈α
learning␈αmachine␈α
called
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the Snark.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓8.␈α∞My␈α∞study␈α∞of␈α∞students␈α∞who␈α∞entered␈α∞M.I.T.␈α∞at␈α∞an␈α∞early␈α∞age␈α∞was␈α∞done␈α∞when␈α∞I␈α∞was␈α∂an␈α∞assistant
␈↓ ↓H␈↓professor there - about 1960.  I had been readmitted to Caltech when I was drafted.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓9.␈α
I␈α∞don't␈α
recall␈α
proposing␈α∞a␈α
low␈α∞altitude␈α
stall␈α
to␈α∞Fredkin,␈α
and␈α∞I␈α
never␈α
did␈α∞get␈α
to␈α∞jumping␈α
from
␈↓ ↓H␈↓10,000 feet.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓10. Goguen was referring to Peter Landin - not Landon.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓11.␈α
Lisp␈α
wasn't␈α
the␈α
second␈α
programming␈α
language␈α∞developed.␈α
 It␈α
is␈α
the␈α
second␈α
oldest␈α
still␈α∞in␈α
use
␈↓ ↓H␈↓after Fortran.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓12.␈α
(p.␈α
24).␈α It␈α
doesn't␈α
seem␈α
that␈αthe␈α
essence␈α
of␈α
language␈αis␈α
abbreviation.␈α
 Abbreviation␈α
of␈αwhat?
␈↓ ↓H␈↓A more prolix language?

␈↓ ↓H␈↓13.␈α∞I␈α
don't␈α∞think␈α
your␈α∞charge␈α∞of␈α
"deliberate␈α∞obfuscation␈α
by␈α∞programmers"␈α
will␈α∞stand␈α∞up.␈α
 While
␈↓ ↓H␈↓mathematical␈α
ability␈α
is␈αnot␈α
the␈α
same␈αas␈α
programming␈α
ability,␈αprogramming␈α
any␈α
extensive␈α
task␈αis
␈↓ ↓H␈↓genuinely␈αdi≠cult␈αand␈αtedious.␈α Good␈αprogramming␈αlanguages␈αhelp␈αbut␈αdon't␈αmake␈αthe␈αtask␈αeasy.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Boden's␈α⊃analogy␈α∩with␈α⊃knitting␈α⊃is␈α∩good␈α⊃up␈α⊃to␈α∩a␈α⊃point.␈α⊃ The␈α∩extension␈α⊃of␈α⊃the␈α∩simple␈α⊃knitting
␈↓ ↓H␈↓language to a language for programming a knitting machine would make an even closer parallel.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓There is no gross error here, and your statement of the matter is good enough to be helpful.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓14.␈α
In␈αmy␈α
opinion,␈α
the␈αreason␈α
for␈α
the␈αover␈α
optimism␈α
around␈α1960␈α
was␈α
a␈αmistaken␈α
belief␈α
that␈αall
␈↓ ↓H␈↓that␈α∞was␈α∞required␈α∞for␈α∂intelligence␈α∞was␈α∞a␈α∞good␈α∞search␈α∂program.␈α∞ If␈α∞this␈α∞had␈α∞been␈α∂right,␈α∞Simon's
␈↓ ↓H␈↓predictions␈α⊂would␈α∂have␈α⊂been␈α∂realized.␈α⊂ My␈α⊂1959␈α∂paper,␈α⊂␈↓↓Programs␈α∂with␈α⊂Common␈α⊂Sense␈↓,␈α∂already
␈↓ ↓H␈↓suggested␈αthat␈αmore␈α
was␈αrequired.␈α However,␈α
I␈αtoo␈αwas␈α
over␈αoptimistic␈αabout␈α
how␈αlong␈αthat␈α
would
␈↓ ↓H␈↓take.␈α
 Mainly␈α∞I␈α
thought␈α∞that␈α
more␈α∞smart␈α
people␈α∞would␈α
be␈α∞attracted␈α
to␈α∞the␈α
problem,␈α∞but␈α
actually
␈↓ ↓H␈↓epistemological␈α
problems␈α
of␈α
AI␈αare␈α
only␈α
beginning␈α
to␈α
attract␈αattention.␈α
 Come␈α
to␈α
think␈α
of␈αit,␈α
Simon
␈↓ ↓H␈↓has also said that he expected that work on chess would be more serious than actually happened.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓15.␈α∩Heuristics␈α∩and␈α∩epistemology␈α∩are␈α∩not␈α∩rivals␈α∩but␈α∩complementary,␈α∩and␈α∩both␈α∩are␈α∩needed␈α⊃for
␈↓ ↓H␈↓successful␈αAI.␈α I␈α
work␈αon␈αepistemology,␈α
because␈αit␈αsuits␈α
my␈αtalents,␈αand␈α
also␈αbecause␈αhardly␈α
anyone
␈↓ ↓H␈↓else is doing it.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓16.␈α∩A␈α∩human␈α∩going␈α∩to␈α∪Duluth␈α∩doesn't␈α∩ask␈α∩himself␈α∩what␈α∪"get␈α∩to"␈α∩means␈α∩unless␈α∩he␈α∪is␈α∩doing
␈↓ ↓H␈↓philosophy.␈α The␈α
meaning␈αof␈α"get␈α
to"␈αis␈αbuilt␈α
in␈αfor␈αall␈α
but␈αthe␈αtiniest␈α
babies,␈αi.e.␈αthe␈α
meaning␈αis
␈↓ ↓H␈↓embodied␈α∪in␈α∪program␈α∪rather␈α∩than␈α∪data.␈α∪ Otherwise,␈α∪there␈α∩would␈α∪be␈α∪an␈α∪in≡nite␈α∪regress;␈α∩the
␈↓ ↓H␈↓program␈α∪would␈α∩have␈α∪to␈α∩ask␈α∪itself␈α∩what␈α∪"mean"␈α∪means␈α∩and␈α∪so␈α∩on.␈α∪ The␈α∩regress␈α∪is␈α∪stops␈α∩at
␈↓ ↓H␈↓knowledge that is embodied in program.  This point seems to be not well known to philosophers.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓αMr. Phil Hilts␈↓ ¬|July 7, 1979␈↓ 
nPage 3␈↓ 


␈↓ ↓H␈↓17. So far as I know "computist" is not an accepted English word.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓18. I left M.I.T. in 1962.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓19.␈αI␈αleft␈αM.I.T.␈α
for␈αthree␈αreasons␈αeven␈α
though␈αM.I.T.␈αo≥ered␈αme␈α
slightly␈αmore␈αmoney␈αif␈α
I␈αwould
␈↓ ↓H␈↓stay␈α
and␈α
hinted␈α∞that␈α
the␈α
full␈α∞professorship␈α
would␈α
probably␈α
follow␈α∞soon.␈α
 (1)␈α
I␈α∞prefer␈α
California.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓(2)␈α
Getting␈α
the␈α
full␈α
professorship␈α
leaves␈α
a␈α
certain␈α
kind␈α
of␈α
ambition␈α
behind.␈α
 (3)␈α
I␈α
was␈αfrustrated␈α
by
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the␈α⊂fact␈α⊃that␈α⊂the␈α⊃M.I.T.␈α⊂administration␈α⊃was␈α⊂stalling␈α⊂on␈α⊃the␈α⊂recommendation␈α⊃of␈α⊂a␈α⊃committee␈α⊂I
␈↓ ↓H␈↓chaired␈α∂that␈α∞M.I.T.␈α∂move␈α∂to␈α∞time-sharing␈α∂for␈α∞its␈α∂next␈α∂generation␈α∞computer.␈α∂ What's␈α∂worse,␈α∞this
␈↓ ↓H␈↓stalling␈α
took␈α
the␈αform␈α
of␈α
asking␈αus␈α
to␈α
do␈α
the␈αreport␈α
over␈α
-␈αproviding␈α
more␈α
substantiation␈α
of␈αthe
␈↓ ↓H␈↓need␈αfor␈αtime-sharing␈α-␈αredoing␈αthe␈αmarket␈αsurvey␈αamong␈αditch␈αdiggers␈αabout␈αthe␈αneed␈αfor␈αsteam
␈↓ ↓H␈↓shovels.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓20.␈α⊃The␈α⊃volcano␈α⊂was␈α⊃only␈α⊃14,600␈α⊂feet␈α⊃high.␈α⊃ I␈α⊂had␈α⊃mainly␈α⊃quit␈α⊂climbing␈α⊃before␈α⊃I␈α⊃met␈α⊂Vera,
␈↓ ↓H␈↓although␈αwe␈αactually␈αmet␈αin␈αconnection␈αwith␈αa␈αsmall␈αclimb.␈α After␈αwe␈αmet,␈αmy␈αclimbing␈αsomewhat
␈↓ ↓H␈↓revived,␈α
and␈αI␈α
expected␈α
that␈αafter␈α
the␈α
Annapurna␈αexpedition,␈α
we␈α
would␈αclimb␈α
a␈α
bit␈αmore␈α
together,
␈↓ ↓H␈↓but␈α∂I␈α∂did␈α∂not␈α⊂expect␈α∂to␈α∂make␈α∂the␈α⊂great␈α∂e≥ort␈α∂that␈α∂would␈α∂be␈α⊂required␈α∂before␈α∂I␈α∂could␈α⊂climb␈α∂at
␈↓ ↓H␈↓anything like her level.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓21.␈α⊃It␈α⊃occurs␈α⊃to␈α⊃me␈α⊂that␈α⊃the␈α⊃reader␈α⊃might␈α⊃think␈α⊃we␈α⊂are␈α⊃claiming␈α⊃that␈α⊃the␈α⊃secretarial␈α⊃uses␈α⊂of
␈↓ ↓H␈↓computers are unique to our lab.  Perhaps they were in the late 60s and early 70s.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓22.␈α
It␈α
might␈α
be␈α
better␈α
if␈α
you␈α
left␈α
out␈α
the␈α
part␈α
about␈α
the␈α
suicide␈α
note.␈α
 It␈α
is␈α
true,␈α
but␈α
there␈α
is␈α
another
␈↓ ↓H␈↓user␈α∞of␈α∂our␈α∞computer␈α∂who␈α∞has␈α∂some␈α∞suicidal␈α∂tendencies,␈α∞and␈α∂leaves␈α∞notes␈α∂suggesting␈α∞that␈α∂he␈α∞is
␈↓ ↓H␈↓about␈α
ready␈αto␈α
end␈αit␈α
all.␈α
 Reading␈αabout␈α
it␈αin␈α
print␈α
might␈αset␈α
him␈αo≥␈α
again.␈α
 I␈αdon't␈α
say␈αit's␈α
likely,
␈↓ ↓H␈↓but it just might.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓23.␈α∞Vera␈α∞had␈α∞su≠cient␈α∞experience␈α∞for␈α∞the␈α∞Annapurna␈α∞climb,␈α∞I␈α∞think,␈α∞and␈α∞she␈α∞got␈α∞more␈α∞on␈α
the
␈↓ ↓H␈↓climb.␈α Climbers␈αtend␈αto␈αbe␈αsensitive␈αto␈αcriticism␈αwhen␈αan␈αaccident␈αoccurs,␈αand␈αthe␈αother␈αmembers
␈↓ ↓H␈↓of␈α
the␈αexpedition␈α
would␈α
not␈αagree␈α
that␈αVera␈α
and␈α
Alison␈αhadn't␈α
enough␈αice␈α
experience␈α
to␈αjustify
␈↓ ↓H␈↓their summit attempt.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓24.␈αThe␈αstory␈αabout␈αthe␈α
Levy␈αbet␈αis␈αincorrect.␈α I␈αdon't␈α
believe␈αI␈αever␈αplayed␈αLevy␈αand␈α
would␈αnot
␈↓ ↓H␈↓have␈α∂expected␈α∂to␈α∂give␈α∂an␈α∞International␈α∂Master␈α∂a␈α∂hard␈α∂game.␈α∞ Levy␈α∂was␈α∂a␈α∂graduate␈α∂student␈α∞in
␈↓ ↓H␈↓computer␈α
science␈αat␈α
Glasgow␈αUniversity␈α
as␈αwell␈α
as␈αa␈α
chess␈α
master,␈αand␈α
part␈αof␈α
my␈αplan␈α
was␈αto␈α
hire
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Levy␈α
to␈α
work␈α
on␈α
chess␈α
programming.␈α
 He␈αwould␈α
have␈α
made␈α
much␈α
more␈α
money␈α
from␈α
that␈αthan␈α
the
␈↓ ↓H␈↓amount␈αof␈αthe␈αbet.␈α As␈αit␈αturned␈αout,␈αLevy␈αquit␈αcomputer␈αscience␈αsoon␈αafter␈αthe␈αbet␈αand␈αbecame␈αa
␈↓ ↓H␈↓professional chess writer.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓My recollection is that Levy only relaxed after he won the ≡rst game.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓25.␈α
I␈α
don't␈αwant␈α
to␈α
be␈αquoted␈α
as␈α
saying␈αthat␈α
there␈α
are␈αpractically␈α
no␈α
new␈αideas␈α
in␈α
the␈αprogram␈α
that
␈↓ ↓H␈↓played␈αLevy.␈α Let␈αit␈αrather␈αbe␈αsaid␈αthat␈αnone␈αof␈αthe␈αideas␈αthat␈αseem␈αto␈αme␈αto␈αbe␈αrequired␈αto␈αplay
␈↓ ↓H␈↓chess␈α∂well␈α∂without␈α∂search␈α⊂hundreds␈α∂of␈α∂thousands␈α∂of␈α⊂positions␈α∂are␈α∂present.␈α∂ My␈α⊂student,␈α∂David
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Wilkins,␈α∩has␈α∩just␈α∩≡nished␈α∩a␈α∩PhD␈α∩thesis␈α∪on␈α∩pattern␈α∩recognition␈α∩in␈α∩chess␈α∩that␈α∩can␈α∪≡nd␈α∩deep
␈↓ ↓H␈↓combinations␈αlooking␈αat␈αonly␈αa␈αfew␈αhundred␈αpositions.␈α If␈αWilkins's␈αapproach␈αcan␈αbe␈αextended␈αto
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the␈αfull␈αgame,␈αwe␈αmay␈αget␈αa␈αprogram␈αthat␈αcan␈αplay␈αmaster␈αlevel␈αchess␈αby␈αintelligence␈α
rather␈αthan
␈↓ ↓H␈↓brute␈αforce.␈α Even␈αto␈αmake␈αbrute␈αforce␈αwork␈αwell,␈αSlate␈αand␈αAtkins␈αneeded␈αnew␈αideas,␈αand␈αI␈αdon't
␈↓ ↓H␈↓want to denigrate their work.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓26.␈αNo␈α
computers␈αat␈αStanford␈α
were␈αever␈α
damaged.␈α However,␈αsomeone␈α
did␈αput␈α
a␈αgasoline␈αbomb␈α
in
␈↓ ↓H␈↓an␈α
unused␈α
room␈α
in␈α
our␈α
building␈αin␈α
1970.␈α
 Fortunately,␈α
the␈α
sprinkler␈α
(more␈α
properly␈α∨ooder)␈α
system
␈↓ ↓H␈↓αMr. Phil Hilts␈↓ ¬|July 7, 1979␈↓ 
nPage 4␈↓ 

␈↓ ↓H␈↓put␈α⊂out␈α⊃the␈α⊂≡re␈α⊃before␈α⊂it␈α⊃did␈α⊂more␈α⊃than␈α⊂scorch␈α⊃the␈α⊂∨oor,␈α⊃and␈α⊂the␈α⊃attempt␈α⊂was␈α⊃not␈α⊂repeated.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Fortunately,␈α∂the␈α∂1970s␈α∂bombings␈α∂were␈α∂not␈α∂the␈α∞work␈α∂of␈α∂serious␈α∂terrorists␈α∂but␈α∂more␈α∂the␈α∂work␈α∞of
␈↓ ↓H␈↓people␈αwith␈αthe␈α
psychology␈αof␈αordinary␈αvandals␈α
-␈αexcited␈αand␈αand␈α
encouraged␈αby␈αthe␈α
rhetoric␈αof
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the␈α
time.␈α Well,␈α
maybe␈α
the␈αGerman␈α
and␈α
Japanese␈αterrorists␈α
are␈α
just␈αordinary␈α
vandals␈α
excited␈αby
␈↓ ↓H␈↓rhetoric.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓Contrary␈αto␈αthis␈αtheory,␈αI␈αdoubt␈αthat␈αcomputers␈αhave␈αbeen␈αespecially␈αa␈αtarget.␈α I␈αthink␈αthere␈αhave
␈↓ ↓H␈↓been many more bombings of power line and microwave communication towers.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓27.␈αIt␈αwas␈αAlison's␈αbody␈αthat␈αwas␈αseen.␈α All␈αthey␈αcould␈αrecognize␈αat␈αthat␈αdistance␈αwas␈αthe␈αcolor␈αof
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the down parka.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        I like your manuscript, and I think it makes many useful points.


␈↓ ↓H␈↓Best regards,



␈↓ ↓H␈↓John McCarthy
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Director
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Professor of Computer Science